Short answer
Usually one of: a CMS or theme default applying the same generic title site-wide, pagination/filter/sort URL variations inheriting the same title as the main page, a templated page type (product variants, tag pages) never having unique titles set, or a technical error causing a fallback title to render everywhere.
Many CMS platforms and themes apply a generic, site-wide default title (often just the site name, or the site name repeated on every page) unless something more specific is explicitly set per page — this is the single most common cause, especially on pages nobody has gone back to customise individually.
Pagination pages (page 2, page 3 of a listing), filtered or sorted views of the same underlying content, and tracking-parameter URL variants often render with the exact same title as their base page, since most templating doesn't automatically differentiate them. This is frequently more of a technical URL-structure issue than something that needs individually rewritten titles.
Product variants, tag/category archive pages, or any page type generated from a shared template can easily end up with identical or near-identical titles if the template doesn't pull in something page-specific (a product name, a tag name) to differentiate each instance.
Manually checking titles page by page doesn't scale past a handful of pages. site audit flags duplicated and unusually generic meta titles across your entire site as part of every crawl, giving you a complete, prioritised list rather than pages found one at a time.
If duplication stems from a shared template rather than individually set titles, fixing the template to pull in page-specific information (rather than manually editing each affected page one at a time) is usually the more durable, scalable fix — especially for page types that will keep generating new instances over time.
It can — duplicate titles make it harder for search engines (and searchers scanning results) to distinguish between pages, and can contribute to a broader duplicate-content quality concern if titles are duplicated widely across a site, alongside similar body content.
A small number of genuinely near-identical pages (very similar product variants, for instance) sharing a title is less concerning than widespread, site-wide duplication across otherwise distinct content — the scale and context matter more than the raw existence of any duplication.
A full site crawl that specifically flags duplicate and generic titles is the practical way to find every instance at once, rather than checking pages individually — manual checking doesn't scale past a small site.
If the duplication comes from a shared template (a product page type, a tag archive), fixing the template to pull in page-specific information is more durable than manually editing each page individually, especially for a page type that will keep generating new instances.
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