Short answer
Complete site-wide deindexing is rare and usually traces to one of: a site-wide noindex or robots.txt block applied by mistake, a severe manual action for serious guideline violations, a hacked/compromised site flagged for security reasons, or the domain itself expiring or having ownership/hosting issues.
The most common, entirely self-inflicted cause is a robots.txt disallow rule covering the whole site, or a noindex tag applied site-wide (sometimes left over from a staging environment during a migration or redesign). site audit checks your site's robots.txt and can detect a rendered noindex tag as part of a crawl — worth running immediately as the fastest way to rule this out.
A severe, site-wide manual action — for serious or repeated guideline violations — is a possible but relatively rare cause of complete deindexing, and always appears with a specific stated reason in Search Console's Manual Actions section. This requires checking directly in Search Console, since Illumae doesn't have access to that data.
A hacked site — one injected with spam content, malicious redirects, or malware — can be flagged and removed from the index for security reasons, sometimes with a "Security Issues" notice in Search Console. This requires a dedicated security scan and cleanup, not something a standard SEO audit tool is built to detect or fix.
A domain that expired, lost its DNS configuration, or is returning server errors on every request can effectively disappear from search results simply because Google can no longer successfully crawl it at all — this is a hosting/domain-administration issue rather than an SEO one, worth ruling out by confirming the site loads normally for a regular visitor.
If the cause turns out to be a manual action or security issue, Google requires the underlying problem to be genuinely resolved before a reconsideration request has any chance of succeeding — submitting before the fix is complete typically results in rejection and restarts the wait.
No — it's relatively rare compared to individual page or partial-site issues, and usually has a specific, identifiable cause (a technical block, a severe manual action, or a security compromise) rather than being an ambiguous, unexplained event.
Search Google for "site:yourdomain.com" — if zero results appear, the domain has no indexed pages at all. Google Search Console's Coverage/Indexing report gives a more detailed, authoritative breakdown of what is and isn't indexed and why.
Not directly — Illumae doesn't have access to your Google Search Console account, where both manual actions and security issue notices appear. Illumae's site audit can detect a technical block like a site-wide robots.txt disallow or noindex tag, which is a different, separate possible cause.
It varies enormously depending on the cause — a technical block can often be fixed and re-crawled within days to weeks, while a severe manual action or security issue can take considerably longer, including the time needed for a reconsideration request review after the underlying problem is fixed.
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