SEO Glossary

SEO terms explained in plain English

Plain-English definitions of the SEO terms that actually matter, from domain rating to search intent — no jargon, no fluff.

404 Error

A 404 error is the HTTP status code a server returns when a requested page doesn't exist — either because it was never there, was deleted, or its URL changed without a redirect being set up.

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Alt Text

Alt text (alternative text) is a short written description added to an image's HTML so that screen readers and search engines can understand what the image shows.

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Anchor Text

Anchor text is the clickable, visible text of a hyperlink — the words a reader actually sees and clicks, as opposed to the URL the link points to.

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Backlink

A backlink is a link from one website to another. Search engines treat backlinks as a signal of trust and relevance, so pages with more high-quality backlinks tend to rank better for related searches.

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Bounce Rate

Bounce rate is the percentage of visitors who leave a website after viewing only a single page, without taking any further action or navigating anywhere else on the site.

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Broken Link

A broken link is a hyperlink that no longer leads to a working page — usually resulting in a 404 "page not found" error — because the destination page was moved, renamed, or deleted without a redirect.

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Canonical Tag

A canonical tag is an HTML element that tells search engines which version of a page is the "main" one to index, when the same or similar content is reachable through more than one URL.

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Content Gap Analysis

Content gap analysis is the process of identifying keywords or topics your competitors rank for that your own site doesn't currently cover — or covers only thinly — revealing concrete opportunities for new content.

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Core Web Vitals

Core Web Vitals are a specific set of page experience metrics Google uses to measure real-world loading speed, interactivity, and visual stability — Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), Interaction to Next Paint (INP), and Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS).

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Crawl Budget

Crawl budget is the number of pages on your site that a search engine is willing and able to crawl within a given period of time.

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Disavow File

A disavow file is a list of backlinks or domains you submit to Google, asking it to ignore those links when evaluating your site — typically used to distance yourself from spammy or manipulative links you don't control.

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Domain Rating

Domain Rating (DR) is a metric, popularised by Ahrefs, that scores a website's backlink profile strength on a scale of 0 to 100 — the higher the score, the stronger and more authoritative the site's backlink profile is estimated to be.

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Duplicate Content

Duplicate content is substantially identical or near-identical content that appears on more than one URL — either within the same site or across different websites.

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E-E-A-T

E-E-A-T stands for Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, and Trustworthiness — concepts from Google's own quality rater guidelines describing what separates genuinely helpful content from low-quality content, especially on topics affecting someone's health, finances, or safety.

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Featured Snippet

A featured snippet is a highlighted search result — usually shown above the standard organic results — that displays a direct answer to a search query, pulled from a page Google judges to answer it best.

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Google Search Console

Google Search Console (GSC) is a free tool from Google that shows how your site performs in Google Search — the exact queries, clicks, impressions, and positions your pages get, plus indexing and technical issues Google has found.

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Internal Linking

Internal linking is the practice of linking from one page on your own website to another, helping both visitors and search engines navigate and understand how your content relates together.

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Keyword Cannibalization

Keyword cannibalization happens when multiple pages on the same site target the same or very similar search terms, causing them to compete against each other for ranking rather than one clear page winning consistently.

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Keyword Difficulty

Keyword Difficulty (KD) is a score, usually from 0 to 100, that estimates how hard it would be to rank on the first page of Google for a given search term, based on the strength of the pages currently ranking for it.

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Local SEO

Local SEO is the practice of optimising a business's online presence to be found by people searching for products or services in a specific geographic area.

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Long-Tail Keyword

A long-tail keyword is a longer, more specific search phrase — typically three or more words — that has lower search volume than a broad, generic term but usually faces less competition and converts better.

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Meta Description

A meta description is a short HTML tag that summarises a page's content — usually shown as the snippet of text under the blue link in Google's search results.

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Mobile-First Indexing

Mobile-first indexing means Google primarily uses the mobile version of a website's content for indexing and ranking, rather than the desktop version — a shift Google completed for essentially all sites by 2023-2024.

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Nofollow Link

A nofollow link is a hyperlink with a rel="nofollow" HTML attribute telling search engines not to pass ranking credit (sometimes called "link equity") to the linked page through that particular link.

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Organic Traffic

Organic traffic is the visitors who arrive at your website through unpaid search engine results, as opposed to paid ads, social media, direct visits, or referral links.

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Robots.txt

Robots.txt is a plain text file at the root of a website that tells search engine crawlers which parts of the site they're allowed to crawl.

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Schema Markup

Schema markup (also called structured data) is code added to a webpage, usually in JSON-LD format, that describes its content in a standardised way search engines can read directly — like labelling a recipe's ingredients or a business's opening hours.

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Search Intent

Search intent is the underlying goal behind a search query — whether the searcher wants information, is comparing options, wants to navigate to a specific site, or is ready to buy.

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SERP

SERP stands for Search Engine Results Page — the page a search engine displays after someone runs a search, containing organic listings alongside features like ads, featured snippets, and the local pack.

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Title Tag

The title tag is an HTML element that specifies a page's title — shown as the clickable blue headline in search results and as the tab title in a browser.

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Topic Cluster

A topic cluster is a content strategy structure built around one broad "pillar" page covering a topic comprehensively, linked to and from several narrower "cluster" pages that each go deep on a specific subtopic.

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XML Sitemap

An XML sitemap is a file listing a website's important URLs in a structured format, submitted to search engines to help them discover and understand the site's pages more efficiently.

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